CentOS 7.9使用yum安装MySQL 5.7

1. 下载MySQL的yum源: wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
2. 安装MySQL的yum源: rpm -Uvh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
3. 查看MySQL的yum源: yum repolist all | grep mysql
4. 设置MySQL安装版本:
   yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community
yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
5. 安装MySQL: yum install mysql-community-server
6. 设置MySQL数据目录和socket等:
   vim /etc/my.cnf

   datadir=/opt/mnt/mysqldata/mysql/mysql
   socket=/opt/mnt/mysqldata/mysql/mysql/mysql.sock
   innodb_log_file_size=1024M
   innodb_strict_mode=0
   [client]
   socket=/opt/mnt/mysqldata/mysql/mysql/mysql.sock #不配置client的socket登录MySQL出现"ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)"的错误

7. MySQL启动前设置:
   • chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/mnt/mysql/mysql
   • setenforce 0(临时关闭selinux)
   • chcon -R --reference=/var/lib/mysql /opt/mysqldata (出现错误SELinux is preventing /usr/sbin/mysqld from write access on the directory mysql)
8. MySQL服务的操作:
   • 启动: systemctl start mysqld
   • 关闭: systemctl stop mysqld
   • 重启: systemctl restart mysqld
   • 状态: systemctl status mysqld
   • 开机启动: systemctl enable mysqld
9. 授权root可以远程登录访问:
   1. MySQL初始化的临时密码: grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log (若MySQL已有密码则无法得到临时密码)
   2. 登录MySQL: mysql -u root -p
   3. 修改默认密码: mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
   4. 授权root可以远程登录访问:
      mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON * . * TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
      mysql> flush privileges; (刷新权限)
   5. 退出MySQl: mysql> quit
10. 防火墙开放3306端口:
    firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload (重启防火墙)
    开放3306端口数据库连接工具才可以连接到数据库

*查看Linux的版本: less /etc/redhat-release (只能用于Redhat系的Linux)
*MySQL的yum安装参考资料: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-yum-repo-quick-guide/en/

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CentOS 7.9安装MySQL 8.0.28

1. 下载MySQL: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
2. 解压: tar xvJf mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
3. 创建数据目录:
   mv mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
cd mysql
mkdir data
4. 创建用户组,用户并赋予权限:
   groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/mysql
5. MySQL加入环境变量:
   vim /etc/profile
export PATH=$PATH:/opt/mysql/bin:/opt/mysql/lib
6. 配置my.cnf:
   mkdir /var/lib/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
vim /etc/my.cnf

   [mysqld]
   basedir=/opt/mysql
   datadir=/opt/mysql/data
   socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
   [client]
   socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
   [mysqld_safe]
   log-error=/opt/mysql/data/mysql.log
   pid-file=/opt/mysql/data/mysql.pid

7. MySQL初始化: /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data --initialize (记住临时密码)
8. 设置MySQL为系统服务并启动:
   cp -a /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
chkconfig --add mysql
systemctl start mysql
9. 设置root远程登录:
   mysql -u root -p(用临时密码登录)

   alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by 'password';
   flush privileges;
   use mysql;
   update user set host='%' where user='root';
   flush privileges;
   quit

• 防火墙开启3306端口:
  firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload